When it comes to acne issues, women sometimes have a larger burden to bear. Lament it as we might, they’re often judged more on looks than men. Their hormonal systems make them more prone to developing acne at certain times. Treatment options can be more expensive for them and costs harder to meet.

During the teen years, girls tend to develop acne sooner than boys. On average most girls will start to develop acne by about age 11, as contrasted with age 13 for boys. The reason isn’t hard to find. Girls mature sooner. They tend to enter puberty a few months to a couple of years before boys.

During those years the human hormone system sees rapid increases in levels of a number of well known hormones, such as estrogen or testosterone. But there’s a class of hormones that are less well known by name, but more relevant at this stage to acne onset: androgens.

As the name suggests, these hormones are shared by both males and females. But, as noted, the rise in females occurs sooner. Once they reach puberty, the androgen levels rise higher in males, so they tend to suffer more severe acne.

About 2/3 of all teens will develop acne, at least in mild form. But for females, the condition tends to last longer, at least cyclically. As a woman enters her 20s, her menstrual cycle tends to raise the likelihood of developing at least mild acne. Since that occurs approximately once per month, so does the acne. The week prior to the onset of flow is typically the worst for almost 62% of women.

The problem persists for women throughout the years of reproductive capacity. Over 50% of women (as opposed to only 42.5% of men) between ages 20-29 develop acne. The numbers dip radically for the years 30-39 to 35.2% and 20.1% respectively. By the time she’s reached her 40s, the number has lowered to 26.3% (12% for men). For those aged 50 and older the numbers are about 15% and 7% for women vs men.

The severity follows a similar pattern. Between the third and fourth weeks of the menstrual cycle, inflammations increase about 25%. Even blackheads and whiteheads rise about 20% during this time.

Pregnancy offers some relief, but it mostly shifts the pattern. It doesn’t eliminate acne entirely. During pregnancy, breakouts can occur at random. Skin changes, even for those who have never had acne, are a common occurrence when a woman is carrying.

Here again, significant hormonal changes are taking place. The largest number of cases tends to occur during the first trimester. That shouldn’t be surprising, since this is the interval during which hormone levels are changing most rapidly from their usual amount and distribution. Delivering the baby will often put an end to the outbreaks, but they tend to persist longer in women who breastfeed.

Though a woman has to always be more careful about what medications she takes, normal over the counter treatments are considered safe. Some studies have suggested, however, that isotretinoin (brand name: Accutane) and tetracycline (doxycycline), treatments for severe acne, should be avoided during pregnancy. They may cause birth defects or development problems in the fetus.

When in doubt, consult a dermatologist.

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Acne – Acne Myths Exploded

There are several common beliefs about the causes and course of acne that simply don’t square with scientific studies. Fortunately, it isn’t necessary to understand them in depth to separate fact from fancy. Common experience can help persuade, too.

Diet

There’s no direct link between eating chocolate or greasy cheeseburgers and developing acne. Soft drinks do not increase the odds. What is true is that diet plays a role in all the body’s systems, and so has a minor part in whether acne is more or less likely.

For example, eating greasy foods doesn’t directly translate into increased oil production from the sebaceous glands that contribute to acne. But foods that do increase the oil production would. However, excess iodized salt is the only food substance that has been shown to have any substantial effect. It only worsens existing acne. It doesn’t cause it.

Hygiene

Diet and hygiene are closely linked. But that’s more because people tend to have habits. People who have a non-nutritious or unhealthy diet tend to have poor hygiene habits as well. But even here the influence on the development of acne is minor at best.

The odds of acne are increased when a pore gets plugged and bacteria are trapped inside. White blood cells rush to the area to combat the bacteria. Trapped dead skin cells contribute. The result can be inflammation and the creation of pus, a component of one type of acne.

So, hygiene habits that tend to close the pores can play a role. But the effect is minimal. The dead skin cells and bacteria that get trapped, and can’t make their way out of the pore to the surface, are only somewhat influenced by whether a person washes the face regularly and well. After acne occurs good skin care is particularly important, though.

A mild cleansing twice a day with soap and water, not heavy scrubbing several times per day, is best. That helps encourage healthy skin in general.

But acne is strongly influenced by excess sebum production (a natural skin oil), triggered primarily by hormones. Good hygiene is a good idea for many reasons. But it helps more in treating acne that has already occurred by providing a good surface for medications to do their work most effectively.

Harsh cleansers applied roughly don’t just clear away the excess oil that plays a role in acne formation. Rather, it weakens the skin’s ability to deal with it. Also, contemporary makeup formulations will rarely increase the odds of forming acne.

Stress

As a factor that weakens the immune system and influences hormones, stress might be thought to play a role in the onset of acne. But no clear correlation is found in major studies. Stress can have a small effect on acne that has already formed, but as a possible cause it ranks very low on the list.

Here again, though, people who experience excess or chronic stress tend to be in the cluster of those who have other health problems. Always a good thing to avoid. Keep in mind that stress and being challenged by ordinary life events are not the same thing. Stress occurs when someone thinks they’re not up to the task of dealing with those challenges well.

Medication

Increasing the dosage of over the counter (or, worse, prescription) medications to treat acne is harmful, not helpful. At best, it wastes medication. At worst, it can actually harm the skin. Stick to the recommendations on the instructions. If over the counter medications don’t clear up the condition within a couple of weeks, seek the guidance of a dermatologist for better treatments.